Molecular Characterization:
We use multiplexed in situ hybridization to understand what genes define particular cell types, gaining insight into functional differences that may arise from these transcriptional programs.
Electrophysiological Approaches:
In many cases, synapses are tailored to suit a particular function within a neural circuit. We deploy electrophysiological approaches to interrogate the functional properties of habenular synapses.
Optical Monitoring and Manipulation of Activity during Behavior:
To determine when transcriptionally-defined cell types are engaged in particular behavioral tasks, we use fiber-based optical monitoring of neural activity, facilitated by the delivery of genetically-encoded calcium indicators.
Three-dimensional anatomical characterization:
In order to overlay connectivity information onto the transcriptional landscape of habenular neurons, we use projection labeling, in situ hybridization, and hydrogel-based tissue clearing to collect three-dimensional data sets merging cell-type identity with long range connectivity.